- Should Have এর ব্যবহার - May 22, 2022
- May Have এর ব্যবহার - May 5, 2022
- Will এর ব্যবহার - March 29, 2022
Affirmative to Negative
Affirmative to Negative change করতে হলে প্রথমে আমাদের জানতে হবে Affirmative Sentence এবং Negative Sentence কী।
Affirmative Sentence কী? যে Sentence দ্বারা হ্যাঁ বোধক বিবৃতি বোঝায়, তাকে Affirmative Sentence বলে।
Negative Sentence কী? যে Sentence দ্বারা না বোধক বিবৃতি বোঝায়, তাকে Negative Sentence বলে।
Affirmative to Negative change এমনভাবে করতে হবে যাতে বাক্যের অর্থের কোন পরিবর্তন না ঘটে।
দেখে নিই Affirmative to Negative change-এর কিছু সাধারণ নিয়মাবলীঃ
Rule 1: Affirmative Sentence-এ only/alone থাকলে এবং তা কোন ব্যাক্তিকে বোঝালে এর পরিবর্তে none but বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: Only God can help us.
Negative: None but God can help us.
Affirmative: Only Turna can do the work.
Negative: None but Turna can do the work.
Rule 2: Only যদি কোন বস্তুকে নির্দেশ করে এর পরিবর্তে nothing but বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: I have only a few books.
Negative:I have nothing but a few books.
Affirmative: Tanima had only a few pencils.
Negative: Tanima had nothing but a few pencils.
Rule 3: Only যদি বয়স নির্দেশ করে এর পরিবর্তে not more than/not less than বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: Maruf is only fifteen.
Negative:Maruf is not more than fifteen.
Or, Maruf is not less than fifteen.
Rule 4: Affirmative Sentence-এ must থাকলে এর পরিবর্তে cannot but/ cannot help বসে। cannot help এর পর verb+ing বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: We must obey our teachers.
Negative:We cannot help obeying our teachers.
Affirmative: We must help the poor.
Negative:We cannot but help the poor.
Rule 5: Affirmative Sentence-এ Every থাকলে এর পরিবর্তে there is no+ every-এর পরের শব্দ+ but বসে। cannot help এর পর verb+ing বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: Every mother loves her child.
Negative:There is no mother but loves her child.
Affirmative: Everybody hates a liar.
Negative:There is no body hates a liar.
Rule 6: As soon as দিয়ে Affirmative Sentence শুরু হলে এর পরিবর্তে No sooner had+ subject+ principal verb-এর past participle form+ বাকী অংশ + than+ দ্বিতীয় clause বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: As soon as the rain stopped, we started playing.
Negative: No sooner had the rain stopped thanwe started playing.
Affirmative: As soon as the the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Negative:No sooner had the thief saw the police than he ran away.
Rule 7: Affirmative Sentence-টি যদি Superlative degreeহয়, তাদের negative করার নিয়ম।
No other+ Superlative এর পরের অংশ+ verb+ as+ possessive form+ as+ subject.
Example:
Affirmative: Piya is the most talkative girl in the class.
Negative: No other girl in the class is as talkative as Piya.
Rule 8: Affirmative Sentence-টি যদি Comparative degreeহয়, তাদের negative করার নিয়ম।
No other+ than any other এর পরের অংশ+ verb+ as+ possessive form+ as+ subject.
Example:
Affirmative: Rafiq is more helpful than any other boy in the team.
Negative: No other boy in the team is as helpful as Rafiq.
Rule 9: Both…..and-যুক্তAffirmative Sentence-কে negative করতে Both এর পরিবর্তে not only এবং and এর পরিবর্তে but also বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: Mr. Bulbul is both rich and kind.
Negative: Mr. Bulbul is not only rich but also kind.
Rule 10: Many যুক্তAffirmative Sentence-কে negative করতে Many এর পরিবর্তে not a few বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: Arifa has many almirahs.
Negative:Arifa does not have a few almirahs.
Rule 11: A few যুক্তAffirmative Sentence-কে negative করতে A few এর পরিবর্তে not many বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: Latif has a few pencils.
Negative:Latif does not have many pencils.
Rule 12: Much যুক্তAffirmative Sentence-কে negative করতে Much এর পরিবর্তে not a little বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: The field has much water due to rain.
Negative:The field does not have a little water due to rain.
Rule 13: A little যুক্তAffirmative Sentence-কে negative করতে a little এর পরিবর্তে not much বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: This mug has a little water.
Negative:This mug does not have much water.
Rule 14: As…..as যুক্তAffirmative Sentence-কে negative করতে প্রথম as এর পরিবর্তে not less এবং পরের as এর পরিবর্তে than বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: Puspa is as tall as Rikta.
Negative:Puspa is not less tall than Rikta.
Rule 15: Affirmative Sentence-এ Sometimes থাকলে এর পরিবর্তে not always বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: Rikta sometimes goes to the market.
Negative: Rikta does not always go to the market.
Rule 16: Too…..to যুক্তAffirmative Sentence-কে negative করতে Too এর পরিবর্তে so এবং to এর পরিবর্তে that+ subject+ cannot(present tense)/could not(past tense)+ verbবসে।
Example:
Affirmative: Joya is too weak to run.
Negative: Joya is so weak that she cannot run.
Rule 17: সাধারনত, Affirmative Sentence-কে negative করতে হলে not বসেএবং পরবর্তী শব্দের বিপরীত শব্দ বসে ।
কিছু বিপরীত অর্থবোধক শব্দ | |
Word | Opposite word |
Active | Inactive |
Always | Never |
Brave | Coward |
Comfortable | Uncomfortable |
Doubtful | Sure |
Friend | Foe, Enemy |
Grateful | Ungrateful |
Happy | Unhappy |
Grateful | Ungrateful |
Honest | Dishonest |
Honour | Dishonour |
Healthy | Unhealthy |
Just | Unjust |
Kind | Unkind, Cruel |
Love | Hate |
Moral | Immoral |
Mortal | Immortal |
Pleasant | Unpleasant |
Rich | Poor |
Remember | Forget |
Sincere | Insincere |
Wise | Unwise |
Example:
Affirmative: Jui is rich.
Negative: Jui is not poor.
Affirmative: Helal is kind.
Negative:Helal is not unkind.
Rule 18: Always-যুক্ত Affirmative Sentence-কে negative করতে হলে এর পরিবর্তে never বসে এবং Affirmative অর্থবোধক শব্দটির বিপরীত শব্দ বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: We should always remember the martyrs.
Negative:We should never forget the martyrs.
Rule 19: Less…..than যুক্তAffirmative Sentence-কে negative করতে Less এর পরিবর্তে not as এবং thanএর পরিবর্তে as বসে।
Example:
Affirmative: Nikita is not less wise than Rikta.
Negative:Nikita is as wise as Rikta.
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